Presentation Details
| Chicken Egg as a Translational New Approach Methodology (NAM) in Sensory Science: Insights from Genotoxicity Studies Tetyana Cheairs. Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, USA |
Abstract
Avian egg-based (in ovo) models, particularly those utilizing chicken embryos, have a long history of use in biomedical research, notably in cancer biology and immunology fields. The avian embryo is a metabolically competent, intact organism, with developmental and phenotypic similarities to mammals, offering advantages over invertebrate models. The Chicken Egg Model (CEM), was developed as a New Approach Methodology (NAM) to support or potentially replace short-term in vivo genotoxicity assays, serving as a follow-up screening test for compounds positive in regulatory in vitro tests. CEM uses embryo-fetal livers from White Leghorn chicken (Gallus gallus) eggs to assess chemical-induced DNA damage, such as the formation of nuclear DNA adducts and strand breaks. The model has been evaluated with diverse carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic chemicals, including flavor and fragrance materials, and has demonstrated robust performance for genotoxicity assessment. CEM can detect genotoxic potential of a broader range of compounds compared to in vitro assays with S9 supplementation as evident from the concordance analysis of 87 chemicals. It revealed stronger correlation of CEM with in vivo genotoxicity assays (76% sensitivity and 79% specificity) than with in vitro assays (58% sensitivity and 45% specificity). In contrast to standard in vitro assays, CEM enables evaluation of other endpoints, including histopathology and tissue-specific gene expression. Moreover, physiological and behavioral responses of chickens to transient receptor potential (cTRP) and type 2 taste receptor (cT2R) ligands demonstrate functional chemosensory sensitivity. Collectively, these findings support CEM as a potential translational NAM in sensory science, particularly for the safety evaluation of sensory-active compounds.
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No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the author.